Immunomodulatory effects of vagus nerve and acetylcholine in gastroduodenal area
نویسندگان
چکیده
Objective: Neuroimmune interplay is one of the basic elements that determine mucosal health and disease. Continuing discussion of the vagus nerve in maintenance of homeostasis of gastroduodenal area, we aim to revise immunomodulating effects of acetylcholine. Results: Vagus nerve plays a major role in gut mucosa immunity due to cytoprotective properties and modulation of leukocytes activity. Stimulation of vagus nerve after mucosa damage is accompanied by cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that is realized directly through alfa7-nicotinergic cholinoreceptors on neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, which activation causes decrease of NF-kB expression and TNF and IL-6 secretion. Indirect effect of acetylcholine through enteroendocrine cells regulation is quite important in determination of neuro-immune-endocrine interplay in gastroduodenal mucosa. In addition, the changes in vagus nerve activity and neurohumoral control of gastroduodenal area under antisecretory therapy of gastroduodenal diseases are deliberated in this review. Conclusion: Vagus nerve dysfunction is likely to be the main cause of gastroduodenal inflammation, dysregeneration and cancerogenesis.
منابع مشابه
Role of vagus nerve in gastroduodenal adaptation and cytoprotection
Objective: In this review we focused on understanding the cause-and-effect relationships of gastroduodenal pathology aiming to clarify the role of vagus nerve. Results: The spectrum of vagus nerve biological effects in gastroduodenal area is related to its numerous targets and a wide range of its receptors. A variety of vagus nerve effects are related to the broad expression of cholinergic rece...
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